6/12/2023 0 Comments Sdf localizerUnder Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) regulations, as defined in Order 8260.3D - United States Standard for Terminal Instrument Procedures (TERPS) - the maximum localiser offset is limited to 3° from runway centreline heading. The International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO), in Doc 8168: Construction of Visual and Instrument Flight Procedures, limits the localiser offset to a maximum of 5° from the extended runway centreline. Localiser ApproachĪ localiser approach can be designed and implemented as a "stand alone" approach or it can be the "downgrade" option for an Instrument Landing System (ILS) that has an out of service glide slope. Airborne equipment provides information to the pilot showing the aircraft’s displacement from the optimal course. Where they intersect, these beams define the "on LOC" indication which is displayed on the aircraft instrumentation. These antennae transmit two narrow intersecting beams, one slightly to the right of the intended course centreline, the other slightly to the left. However, where obstacles or noise sensitive areas preclude aligning the approach with the extended runway centreline, they will be otherwise located. The LOC antennae are normally located at the end of the runway. In recent years, the beacons have been progressively replaced by a Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) source either paired to the localiser antenna or otherwise located on the aerodrome, for example with a VOR. The localiser provides azimuth guidance, while non-directional beacons, marker beacons and high intensity runways lights may also be provided as positioning aids for the approach. Vertical guidance is not provided in the vast majority of cases. Localiser (LOC) and Localiser Type Directional Aid (LDA) are ground based, non-precision, runway approach aids employing radio beams to provide pilots with horizontal guidance during an instrument approach. Localiser (LOC) and Localiser Type Directional Aid (LDA) Approaches are defined as non-precision runway approach aids based on a single ground based radio beam which provides pilots with horizontal guidance during an approach to land.
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